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The stressful nature of policing was a significant concern in the improvement of the sector thus, psychology was prime informing its incorporation in the policing service. There was a requirement by the police departments to seek the expertise from the psychologists to help in the selection of emotionally stable officers (Kaplan et al. These were part of screening methods that were to be employed in determining the quality of officers selected. There was an increase in civil unrest due to the number of police disorder cases experienced during that time. The late 1960s saw the involvement of psychologists in the police unit following the recommendation by the commission on disorder report. However, flexibility remains of necessity in police psychology based on the dynamic occurrences that the society experiences in the contemporary field. These include selection during pre-employment exercise, evaluation for fitness of duty for officers, clinical interventions for officers who have undergone traumatic experiences, crisis or hostage negotiations, and solving the intricacies surrounding police use of brutal force. The stressful nature of policing made psychology have multiple roles in providing solutions to the unit. Based on the varied tasks, an individual requires a doctorate in psychology with experience in related psychiatric situations. Their roles are varied based on the extremes surrounding the police service. Refer to the handout as often as needed, and you’ll soon find that you’re automatically classifying your reports by type-and feeling more confident about the report-writing process.Police psychologists came to play as a means of evaluating, assessing, and filtering recruits to the police service as it determines the fitness of an individual to the ensuing function.
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You can download and print a free handout about the four types of police reports at this link: bit.ly/FourTypes. Type 4 Initiates police involvement, records the facts, investigates, and takes action.Type 3 Records the facts, investigates, and takes action.Type 2 Records the facts and investigates.The easiest way to remember the four types is to focus on what the officer does: Again, it’s important to be specific: Not “reckless driving” but “the car crossed the center line three times in thirty seconds.” The more details you provide, the less likely you are to have to defend your report in court. This is the most complex type of report because it requires you to establish probable cause for becoming involved. For example, you might see a car driven recklessly or a man battering a woman. Type 4: What’s different about a Type 4 report is that you’re not dispatched to the scene-you make your own decision to get involved. It’s important to be specific: “Gordon slapped Fitch’s right cheek” is better than “Gordon became aggressive.” Then you’ll explain what prompted you to get involved (probable cause) and what you did. In most cases you’ll begin your report with witness, victim, and suspect statements about what happened before you arrived. Type 3: The additional factor here is that you become part of the story-you might break up a fight, chase a suspect, find a missing child, or make an arrest.
Type 2: In addition to recording the facts, as in Type 1, you add your own investigation: Looking for footprints, fingerprints, the point of entry or exit, or other types of evidence. It’s usually a good idea to write a separate paragraph for each person you talk to. In most cases you’ll obtain the facts from witnesses, victims, and suspects.
Type 1 includes incident reports, missing persons, and many non-violent offenses. There is no police investigation, and you don’t make an arrest. Here are the four types of police reports:
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That means you’re actually learning how to write one basic report with variations. Type 1 is the most basic, Type 2 adds one factor, Type 3 adds another factor, and Type 4 is the most complex. You’ll also discover that each type builds on the previous one, like a stairway. Once you’ve learned the four types of police reports, you’ll have an outline to follow every time you write a report. When you’re new to law enforcement, report writing can seem overwhelming: Every call is different and seems to require a different type of report.īut after a while you’ll see that police calls and investigations fall into four categories. Report writing becomes less overwhelming when you realize that there are only four types of police reports.
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